All microphones are transducers. A transducer converts energy from one form into another. Microphones convert acoustical energy into electrical energy. While their methods of conversion differ, they all have one thing in common: They all have diaphragms. The diaphragm is the part of the microphone that “collects” or “hears” the sounds.

Condenser and dynamic microphones are divided into two categories based on the size of the diaphragm – Large Diaphragm and Small Diaphragm. (There are medium diaphragm mics like the Rode NT3, but most diaphragms will either be classified as large or small.)

Large Diaphragm Microphones (LDMs)

• Most often used for studio vocals
• Used for instruments when a “deeper and warmer” sound is desired
• LDMs – do not reproduce low frequencies better than small diaphragm mics
• Very sensitive to transients
• When using for studio vocals
  • Pay attention to angle, distance and dynamics of the singer
  • Use a pop filter

Small Diaphragm Microphones (SDMs)

• Excellent choice for stereo recording (instruments and concerts)
• Best transient response / faster and more accurate than LDMs
• Better low end reproduction
• Much better than LDMs at reproducing all frequencies evenly across the spectrum

Please see the Condenser Microphone Tutorial for examples of LDMs and SDMs